Classical synthesis methods can be classified in solid reactions and solution methods,according to the precursors used (Figure 2). Ceramic process is the simplest and most traditional synthesis method because of its easy procedure and easy scale-up. It consists on manual grinding of the reactants and their subsequent heating in air, oxidative, reducing or inert atmosphere, depending on the targeted compound. The great disadvantage of this method is the need for high calcination temperatures, from 700 to 1500º C, which provokes the growth and sinterization of the crystals, leading to micrometer-sized particles (>1 m) [Eom, J. et al. (2008); Cho, Y. & Cho, J. (2010); Mi, C.H. et al. (2005); Yamada, A. et al. (2001)]. The macroscopic dimensions of as synthesized particles leads to limited kinetics of Li insertion/extraction and makes difficult the proper carbon coating of phosphate particles [Song, H-K. et al. (2010)]. For this reason it was necessary to add carbon during or after the grinding process, which implies the use of an extra grinding step [Liao, X.Z. et al. (2005); Zhang, S.S. et al. (2005); Nakamura, T. et al. (2006); Mi, C.H. et al. (2005)]. Mechanochemical activation can be considered as a variant of the ceramic method, but the final calcination temperature is lower, of about 600º C [Kwon,S.J. et al. (2004); Kim, C.W. et al. (2005); Kim, J-K. et al. (2007)]. This way, grain size is slightly lower due to mechanical milling. Fig. 2. Schematic of the classical synthesis methods used to prepare electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Hand-milled precursors can also be activated by microwave radiation [Song, M-S. et al. (2007)]. If at least one of the reactants is microwave sensitive, the mixture can get sufficiently high temperatures so as to achieve the reaction and obtain the targeted compound in very short heating times, between 2 and 20 minutes. This factor makes this synthesis method an economic way to obtain desired phases. Sometimes, when a carbonaceous composite is desired, active carbon can be used to absorb microwave radiation and to heat the sample [Park, K.S. et al. (2003)]. Organic additives such as sucrose [Li, W. et al. (2007)], glucose [Beninati, S. et al. (2008)] or citric acid [Wang, L. et al. (2007)] can be used in the initial mixture in order to get in situ carbon formation. Oxide-type impurity generation is not usually indicated in literature, but, sometimes, the reaction atmosphere is so reducing that iron carbide (Fe7C3) or iron phosphide (Fe2P) are generated as secondary phases [Song, M-S. et al (2008)]. Particle size of phosphates obtained by this synthesis method ranges between 1 and 2 m, but two effects have been reported with regard to this parameter. The growth of particles was correlated with the increase of microwave exposure times. However, in the presence of great...

Since 1990, Li-ion batteries became essential for our daily life, and the scope of their applications is currently expanding from mobile electronic devices to electric vehicles, power tools and stationary power grid storage. The ever-enlarging market of portable electronic products and the new demands of the transportation market and stationary storage require cells with enhanced energy density, power density, cyclability and safety. In short, to get better performance. These new needs have boosted research and optimization of new materials for Li-ion batteries. Fig. 1. Number of scientific publications about LiFePO4 material in the last 40 years. Source: Scifinder Scholar™ 2007. The aim of this work is to show the evolution of chemical preparative methods used to synthesize new electroactive materials or to ameliorate electrochemical performance of the existing ones, and to compare the improvement of performance achieved by the new materials processing. This way, the synthesis methods of several electrodic materials for Liion batteries will be analyzed. Mainly cathode materials, such as layered oxides derived from LiCoO2 or LiMn2O4 spinel derivatives will be described. Olivine LiFePO4 phase, a material that, besides having the right voltage to present safety attributes is made of low cost and abundant elements, will be specially remarked because of its extraordinary importance in the last years (figure 1). In recent years, nanoscience has irrupted strongly in the battery materials field. Not only the performance of previously known materials was improved significantly by nanodispersion and nanostructuring, but also new materials and electrochemical reactions have emerged. Thus, the fabrication of nanostructured electrodes has become one of the main goals in battery materials. First, the small size and large surface area of nanomaterials provide greater contact area between the electrode material and the electrolyte. Second, the distance the Li ions have to diffuse across the electrode is shortened. Therefore, faster charge/discharge ability, that is, a higher rate capability, can be expected for nanostructured electrodes. For very small particles, the chemical potentials for lithium ions and electrons may be modified, resulting in a change of electrode potential. Moreover, the range of composition over which solid solutions exist is often more extensive for nanoparticles, and the strain associated with intercalation is often better accommodated. Furthermore, even new electrochemical reactions, such as conversion reactions for anodes have appeared in nanostructured electrodes. Thus, morphology and size of electrode materials have become a key factor for their performance and the synthesis processes have been evolved toward nanoarchitectured materials. This chapter will provide an overview on most used sy...

Dear valued customer, Although Superpack suffered from the serious shortage of electronic components and the hike of raw materials in the past several months, we have been offering batteries without quality compromised. And as a serious company, Superpack did UN38.3 test to all the standard 12.8V lead acid replacement LiFePO4 batteries. They were delivered with UN cartons or crates which meet with UN regulation. Using Superpack’s UN38.3 test report, you can transport the corresponding batteries in the world legally. But from May 16th,2021 on, Chinese Customs tightened up “Dangerous goods transportation packaging identification certificate” (“DG certificate” for short) to all export lithium ion batteries whose watt-hour is more than 100Wh. Some companies such as Ganfeng, Vision were fined because they cannot offer “DG certificate”. You can check the below links for details, http://www.customs.gov.cn//shenzhen_customs/zfxxgk15/2966748/sgs62/xzcf6660/hgzswgxzcfajxxgk21/3666918/index.html http://www.customs.gov.cn//shenzhen_customs/zfxxgk15/2966748/sgs62/xzcf6660/hgzswgxzcfajxxgk21/3679130/index.html The standard procedure of getting the “DG certificate” is as follows, 1. Battery manufacturer apply for “UN38.3 test report” ,”MSDS report”, “certificate for safe sea transport of goods” or “identification and classification report for air transport of goods” from a certified laboratory. Note: The laboratory should be CNAS (China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment) certified. Superpack use Anbotek to offer the service. For 12.8V6Ah~300Ah LiFePO4 battery, the test fee is 1000~3000USD each item depend on its watt-hour. Six battery samples and 15 working days needed. 2.Carton manufacturer apply for the “import & export goods packaging performance testing certificate” (“carton certificate” for short) from Chinese Customs with the above reports. . Note:The current UN17(480*460*390mm),UN18(490*390*210mm) cartons Superpack used were made by  a HK manufacturer who cannot provide us “carton certificate”. Chinese Customs rejected to issue “DG certificate” without “carton certificate”. Superpack has to customize UN15(370*270*320mm),UN18, UN19 (340*280*235mm) from local carton manufacturers by ourseleves. It need 600USD/item & 30-45 working days. MOQ is 1500pcs/item. The “carton certificate” is valid one year only.Superpack will update the standard packaging method soon. 3.Superpack offer on-site audit application form to local Customs. Note: It need 50USD/form and 7 working days for local Customs to check the documents. 4. Local Customs issue “DG certificate” after the officials checked the goods and UN packaging on-site. Note: It need 7 working days if Customs didn’t ask for further test in their own laboratory. The photos in page 15 of “UN38.3 test report” should be the sames as the batteries to be shipped. It means if the batteries used your own labels, we need apply for new UN38.3 test report. Since Superpack’s standard 1...

Congratulations to Superpack for winning the "Guangdong Province High-tech Enterprise" certificate We will always strive to develop outstanding lithium battery solutions. Serving our customers better

Superpack Personnel Department organized a collective birthday party for employees who had their birthdays in April. And prepare exquisite gifts, I wish Superpack colleagues happy birthday! Achieve success, happiness and prosperity in career and life. Everyone introduced themselves, provided many valuable suggestions to the company, and introduced some problems encountered in the work and the help needed. Superpack staff from various departments sang happy birthday songs and made wishes